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News Archive - Computer Design Corp. & Nippon Calculating Machine Co. Agreement
Computerworld, November 20, 1968
Article announcing calculator development agreement by
which
Computer Design Corporation
(CDC) would develop
advanced Large Scale MOS electronic calculators for Nippon Calculating
Machine Company's newly-formed US-based affiliate, Busicom USA. Prior
to the formation of Busicom USA, NCM's calculators, most of which were
designed by Wyle Laboratories, from which Computer Design Corporation
was spawned, NCM's calculators were marketed under the Busicom brand name
in Asia and Europe.
This agreement never resulted in any advanced calculator
designed by CDC being marketed by NCM/Busicom, for reasons that
are a bit on the shady side.
The agreement was canceled by Computer Design Corp. about 20 months
after it was forged. CDC publicly claimed that they canceled the
agreement in order to focus on marketing their own calculators using their
advanced, AMI-fabricated chip set (designated the "HTL" chip set, consisting
of nineteen different chips), through its recently-formed Compucorp
division.
The Compucorp calculators, which were also marketed by
Monroe(USA), Sumlock(UK), and Deitzgen(USA) through OEM agreements,
were tremendously powerful calculators that, through different firmware,
could be customized for different disciplines (e.g., Scientific, Statistical,
Financial, Surveying), as well as providing optional learn-mode
programming, and peripheral interfacing functions. The resulting
Intel-based calculator marketed by NCM/Busicom, using Intel's "computer
on a chip", the Busicom 141-PF, was a basic printing office electronic
calculator that, while using revolutionary technology, offered nothing
particularly advanced in terms of capabilities or features.
The claim that Computer Design Corporation canceled the agreement
was purely a face-saving claim. The real reason the
agreement was canceled was that NCM flatly rejected the powerful
Computer Design Corporation-designed 8-bit MOS-LSI micro-programmable
chip set (developed as a result of this agreement), in favor
of a comparatively less-powerful single-chip 4-bit "microprocessor"
design from Intel. Computer Design Corporation was never aware
that they were in a competition to develop the chip set for NCM, and
developed the chip set based on the specifications provided by NCM. Intel's
solution completely abandoned the specifications from NCM, and went
down a completely different path. While the Intel design proved
to be revolutionary, in reality, Computer Design Corporation's chip set
more accurately met the specifications initially provided by NCM, though
it required more chips than NCM had expected.
The reason why NCM chose Intel's design was because NCM received
"behind-the-scenes" funding from a chief calculator executive at Sharp
Corporation, who was a classmate of the President of NCM in college.
The funding, personally provided out of his own pocket by this
Sharp executive, was contingent upon NCM using Intel's design.
It's interesting to hypothesize what might have happened if
the under-the-table funding of NCM, given with the condition that Intel's
design be chosen for the new calculator, had not occurred. Perhaps the phrase
"Intel Inside" may have ended up being "Computer Design Corp. inside".