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Calculator History Timeline

By Rick Bensene

Last Updated 6/6/2010

This page of the Old Calculator Web Museum is a timeline of known historical points, milestones, and other time-related material relating to calculator technology.

1838
Birth of Frank S. Baldwin, prolific and revolutionary calculating machine designer

1845
Birth of Willgodt Theoophil Odhner, inventor of the "pinwheel" calculating machine

1851
Isaac Merritt Singer forms I.M. Singer & Company, manufacturing sewing machines

1855
Sep Birth of William S. Burroughs, founder of American Arithmometer (Burroughs Corp.)

1865
I.M. Singer & Co. changes name to Singer Manufacturing Co.

1875
Hisashige Tanaka opens Shibaura Engineering Works Co. (precursor to Toshiba)

1878
Bell Punch Co., Ltd. incorporated

1884
National Cash Register Co. founded by John H. Patterson

1886
Jan American Arithmometer Co. (precusor to Burroughs) founded in St. Louis, Missouri
Carl Walther Company founded, producing firearms

1887
Dorr E. Felt and Robert Tarrant form partnership doing business as "Felt & Tarrant"

1890
Ichisuke Fujioka & Shoichi Miyoshi form Hakunetsusha & Co., Ltd. (later Tokyo Electic Company)

1891
Gerard Philips starts business in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, manufacturing light bulbs (precursor to Philips Electronics, N.V.)
Apr Carl Friden born in Alvesta, Sweden

1896
Herman Hollerith founds Tabulating Machine Co. (precursor to IBM)

1898
Sep William S. Burroughs passes away

1899
Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. (NEC) established

1902
Jan Curt Herzstark, inventor of the Curta Calculator, Born in Vienna, Austria [26-Jan]
Birth of Toshio Iue, founder of Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd.
Sep Heinrich & Margarete Diehl begin business as a metal artwork foundry (Beginning of Diehl Corp.)

1903
Union Schreibmaschinen GmbH founded in Berlin. (Beginnings of Olympia International)

1904
American Arithmometer Co. moves from St. Louis to Detroit

1905
Willgodt T. Odhner passes away
Mercedes Euklid established in Germany
American Arithmometer Co. renamed to "Burroughs Adding Machine Co."

1908
Universal Adding Machine Co. acquired by Burroughs
Yasui Sewing Machine Co. established (precursor to Brother)
Oct Camillo Olivetti founds Ing. G. Olivetti & Co., S.p.A., in Ivrea, Italy, manufacturing typewriters

1909
Burroughs buys Pike Adding Machine Co.

1910
Nippon Columbia Co., Ltd. founded by Frederick Whitney Horne (later, Denon)
Feb Uchida Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd (a.k.a. Uchida Yoko Co., Ltd.) founded
Jun Konrad Zuse born in Berlin, Germany
Sperry Gyroscope Co. founded
Brothers Rodney and Alfred Marchant begin manufacturing calculating machines in Oakland, California
Namihei Odaira founds Hitachi, Ltd.

1911
Tabulating Machine Co. changes name to Computing, Tabulating and Recording Co. (CTR), later becomes IBM.

1912
N.V. Philips Gloeilampfabrieken Incorporated
Apr Jay R. Monroe and Frank Baldwin establish the Monroe Calculator Co.
Sep David Packard, co-founder of Hewlett Packard, born in Pueblo, Colorado

1913
Marchant brothers incorporate calculator business as Marchant Calculating Machine Co.

1915
Tokuji Hayakawa founds the beginnings of Sharp Corp.
Tadashi Sasaki born in Taiwan

1916
National Association of Office Appliance Manufacturers founded in Chicago

1917
Nov Tadao Kashio born, Nangoku City, Japan

1918
Addo AB founded in Malmo, Sweden by Hugo Agrell
Facit founded in Sweden
Mar Victor Adding Machine Co. founded in Chicago, IL, by Carl Buehler

1919
Birth of Barney Oliver, Radar Pioneer, and later, founding director of HP Labs, responsible for overseeing development of groundbreaking HP 9100-A and HP-35 calculators.
Jun Birth of Stanley Frankel, Manhattan Project Physicist, Computer & Calculator designer. See exhibit on the SCM/Marchant Cogito 240SR for more information. [6-Jun]
Willard Rockwell forms a company in Wisconsin making truck axle bearings forming the foundation of what becomes Rockwell International
The first Victor Adding Machine, the Model 110, is introduced

1920
Feb An Wang born in Shanghai, China (Future founder of Wang Laboratories)

1921
Mitsubishi Electric Corp. formed as spinoff of Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co.
Moon-Hopkins Billing Machine Co. purchased by Burroughs

1922
Laurence Marshall and Vannevar Bush found American Appliance Co. (becomes Raytheon)

1923
Hayakawa Electric's facilities destroyed by earthquake & fire, rebuilt in Osaka
Dictaphone Corp. formed out of Columbia Gramophone Co.
Nov Birth of Jack Kilby, inventor of the first experimental Integrated Circuit

1924
Birth of Yoshio Kojima - Future Founder of Nippon Calculating Machine Corp.
Carl Walther Company begins manufacture and sale of calculating machines
Burroughs Adding Machine Co. listed on New York Stock Exchange
Computing, Tabulating, and Recording Co. changes name to International Business Machines (IBM)

1925
Due to a name clash, American Appliance Co. changes name to Raytheon Co.
Apr Frank S. Baldwin, calculator designer at Monroe, passes away [8-Apr]
Apr Heinz Nixdorf born in Paderborn, Germany

1926
L.C. Smith & Bros. and Corona Typewriter merge to become Smith Corona

1927
Remington Typewriter Co. and Rand Kardex merge to form Remington Rand
Remington Rand purchases Powers Accounting Machine Co.
Dec Birth of Robert Noyce, inventor of the first practical Integrated Circuit, and co-founder of Integrated Electronics (Intel) [12-Dec]

1928
Nippon Calculating Machine Co. Ltd. founded in Osaka, Japan
Brand name "Brother" created by Yasui Sewing Machine Co.
Sep Paul Galvin founds Galvin Manufacturing Corp., in Chicago, Illinois (Precursor to Motorola)

1929
Jan Birth of Gordon E. Moore, Co-Founder of Intel, and creator of "Moore's Law" [3-Jan]
Feb Massimo Rinaldi, Designer and patent holder of IME Calculators, Born [21-Feb]
Carl Friden leaves as head of design department of Marchant Calculating Machine Co.
National Association of Office Appliance Manufacturers renamed to Office Equipment Manufacturers Institute
Dec Idek Tramielski (Jack Tramiel) Born in Lodz, Poland (founder of Commodore) [13-Dec]

1930
May Geophysical Service founded. (Precursor to Texas Instruments)
Union Schreibmaschinen GmbH moves from Berlin to Erfürt Germany.
Union Schreibmaschinen GmbH renamed to "Europa Schreibmaschinen AG", creates the brand name "Olympia" for their typewriters
Dorr Eugene Felt, co-founder of Felt & Tarrant, passes away
Dec Birth of Pier Giorgio Perotto, designer of the Olivetti Programma 101 programmable electronic calculator

1931
Mar Julius J. Muray, (VP of Cintra) Born in Hungary [22-Mar]

1932
Carl Buehler, fouder of Victor Adding Machine Co., passes away

1933
Seiki Kogaku Kenkyusho (Precision Optical Industry) established (precursor to Canon Camera Co.)
Mar Birth of Atsushi Asada, visionary engineer behind development of Electronic Calculators at Hayakawa Electric (Sharp)
Birth of William Kahn, designer of Mathatronics Mathatron calculator
May Friden Calculating Machine, Co., begins operations in Oakland, California
May Tateisi Electric Mfg. Co. founded, Osaka Japan
Sperry Corp. formed

1934
Jan Friden Calculating Machine Co. formally registered as a California business
Litton Industries founded by Charles Litton Sr.
Yasui Sewing Machine Co. formed into Nippon Sewing Machine Mfg. Co. (Now Brother Industries, Ltd.)
Barry Wright Corp. founded (later purchased Mathatronics, Inc.)

1935
IBM announces the 601 Multiplying Punch (electro-mechanical punched-card calculator)

1936
Feb Riken Kankoshi Co., Ltd. founded (precursor to Ricoh)
Europa Schreibmaschinen AG renamed Olympia Büromaschinen Werke AG (Olympia Office Machine Works)
Friden Calculating Machine, Co., moves to San Leandro, California

1937
Aug Seiki Kogaku Kenkyusho (Precision Optical Industry) Co., Ltd. incorporated (Precursor to Canon Camera Co.)
Oct Marcian (Ted) Hoff, designer of the first single-chip microprocessor, born in Rochester, New York

1938
Konrad Zuse completes the mostly mechanical V1 (later known as Z1), a prototype of a programmable calculating machine using binary elements
Mar Riken Kankoshi Co. Ltd. changes name to Riken Optical Co. Ltd.
Dec Incorporation of Geophysical Service (precursor of Texas Instruments)

1939
Jan Hewlett Packard founded in Palo Alto, California
Tokyo Electric Co. and Shibaura Engineering Works Co., Ltd. merge to form Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. (Later, Toshiba)
Clary Corp. founded by Hugh L. Clary
Geophysical Service Inc.(GSI) changes name to Coronado Corp., GSI continues as subsidiary.
Apr Construction of Bell Laboratories' relay-based "Complex Number Calculator" begins
Oct Bell Laboratories' relay-based "Complex Number Calculator" completed [First Relay-Based General Purpose Calculator]

1940
Sep Public Demonstration of Bell Labs' "Complex Number Calculator" [First "Remote Control" Calculator]
Nov Birth of Harold Koplow (Senior Calculator Engineer at Wang Labs)

1941
GSI Subsidiary of Coronado Corp. sold
May Uchida Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd. (Uchida Yoko) incoroporated
Small four-function relay calculator developed by Fuji Electric Works, Japan
Dec Konrad Zuse completes the V3 (later known as Z3) relay-based programmable calculator

1942
Michael James Cochran born in Daytona Beach, Florida
Birth of Ed Roberts, founder of MITS
Tokuji Hawakawa's Company changes business name to "Hayakawa Electric Industry Co., Ltd."

1943
Jan Harvard Mark I (also called ASCC, for Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator) completed
Curt Herzstark begins design of what becomes the Curta calculator while imprisoned in German concentration camp
Masatoshi Shima born in Shizuoka, Japan
Sep Bell Labs completes the programmable "Model II Relay Calculator"

1945
Apr Nippon Calculating Machine Co., Ltd. re-founded after World War II
Apr Carl Friden, founder of Friden Calculating Machine Co., passes away
Walter S. Johnson assumes role as President of Friden Calculating Machine Co.

1946
Jan Tektronix, Inc. founded by Jack Murdock and Howard Vollum
Apr Tadao Kashio founds "Kashio Seisansho" (Kashio Manufacturing, later "Casio Computer Co., Ltd.")
May Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo Ltd. (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corp.) established (later, Sony) by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita.
Nippon Calculating Machine Corp. Incorporated
Tadashi Sasaki visits transistor technology researchers at Bell Labs
Nov Calculating race between desktop electromechanical calculator and abacus - Abacus Won!

1947
Galvin Manufacturing Corp. changes name to "Motorola, Inc."
Curta Calculator (Type I) begins production
Sanyo Electric Works founded, Osaka Japan
Aug Hewlett Packard Co. incorporated
Sep Seiki Kogako Kenkyusho (Precision Optical Industry) Co., Ltd. changes name to "Canon Camera Co. Inc."
Dec The point contact transistor is invented at Bell Laboratories

1948
Jun Bell Laboratories formally announces the development of the transistor
May Tateisi Electric Mfg. changes name to Tateisi Electronics Co.
Raytheon introduces the first commercial point-contact transistor, the CK703

1949
Wyle Laboratories founded, El Segundo, CA
Introduction of the Friden STW-10 electromechanical calculator at the fall New York Business Show
Bell Labs' Complex Number Calculator decommissioned

1950
Jan Oi Electric Co. Ltd., founded
Coronado Corp. changes name to General Instruments Inc.
Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., incorporated
Canon Camera Co., Inc. opens branch office in New York City
Diehl Corp. begins development of mechanical calculating machines

1951
Jan Due to a name clash, General Instruments Inc. changes name to Texas Instruments Inc.
The junction transistor is invented by William Shockley
Jun Dr. An Wang founds Wang Laboratories
Concept of microprogramming conceived by Maurice Wilkes at Cambridge University
Jul Bell Labs announces the development of the junction transistor

1952
Takachiho Koheki Co. Ltd. founded
Physical Research Laboratories acquired by Marchant Calculators, Inc., renamed Marchant Research Inc.
Bell Labs begins selling licensing rights to transistor technology for $25,000.
First demonstration of magnetic core memory
Friden SRW electromechanical calculator introduced [First Electromechanical Calculator with Automatic Square Root]
Jul Heinz Nixdorf founds Labor für Impulstechnik, in Essen, Germany (later, Nixdorf Computer Inc.)
Diehl Corp. begins production of semi-automatic mechanical calculators

1953
National Cash Register Co., acquires Computer Research Corp., forming NCR Electronics Division
Burroughs Adding Machine Co. renamed to "Burroughs Corp."
Raytheon announces the first mass-produced commercial junction transistor, the Germanium PNP CK722.

1954
Büromaschinen Werke AG renamed to Olympia Werke AG
Mar Parametron invented in Japan by Eiji Goto (Parametron Used in Oi Electric's Aleph Zero Calculator)
Brother International Corp. established in US by Nippon Sewing Machine Mfg. Co.
Burroughs purchases Haydu Brothers (George and Zoltan), manufacturers of vacuum tubes. Haydu Brothers eventually bring experimental gas-discharge tube display device to production reality.
May Texas Instruments introduces the first mass-produced commercial Silicon Transistor
May Transistors manufactured by Sony begin selling in Japan
Oct Fuji Telecommunications Mfg. (later Fujitsu) introduces FACOM 100 programmable relay calculator (~4,500 relays)
Production of the Curta Type II begins
Dec Toshio Kashio (Kashio Manufacturing) completes prototype solenoid-operated electric calculator
Dec The Regency TR-1, the first transistor radio, is introduced

1955
Feb Monroe introduces the Monrobot III Programmable Desk-Sized Calculator
Mar Monroe introduces the Monrobot V Programmable Desk-Sized Calculator
Autonetics established as an independent division of North American Rockwell specializing in military equipment
Texas Instruments introduces the first Silicon junction transistors, the 900-Series
Typewriter marketing firm, Commodore International Ltd., founded by Jack Tramiel in Toronto, Canada
May Dr. An Wang granted U.S. Patent 2,708,722 for principles of magnetic core memory
Remington Rand merges with Sperry Gyroscope Corp., forming Sperry Rand
Jun Wang Laboratories incorporated

1956
Development project behind the Bell Punch electronic calculator begins
Mar Dr. An Wang assigns rights to core memory principles patent to IBM
Facit starts up subsidiary called Facit Electronics to build and sell electronic computers
Casio shows prototype 14-A relay Calculator (342 relays)

1957
Jan Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Founded
Sherman Fairchild, founder of Fairchild Camera and Instrument, funds startup of Fairchild Semiconductor
Felt and Tarrant Mfg. Co. becomes "Comptometer Corp."
Radio Corporation of America (RCA) introduces the ubiquitous 2N404 PNP alloy-junction Germanium transistor, which was heavily used in early electronic calculator designs.
Clary Corp. introduces a programmable electronic "desk" calculator, the DE-60
Digital Equipment Corporation founded in Maynard, Massachusetts
The "Nixie" numeric display tube goes into volume production at Burroughs
Jun Casio Computer Co., Ltd. incorporated
Jun Casio 14-A Relay Calculator debuts for sale [Casio's First Electrical Calculator]
IBM introduces the 610 "Auto-Point" calculator (floating point, programmable w/magnetic drum, vacuum-tube logic)
Uchida Yoko Co. contracted as exclusive distributor of Casio relay calculators

1958
Jan Bell Punch begins design of electronic calculator
Jan Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corp. renamed to "Sony Corp."
Matsushita Communication Industrial Co., Ltd. established as spin off from Matsusushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. introduces the NEAC-1101 and NEAC-1102 computers based on Parametron technology
Monroe Calculating Machine Co. acquired by Litton Industries
Marchant acquires Johnson Adding Machine Co.
Apr Smith-Corona, Inc. and Marchant Calculators, Inc. agree in principle to merge [7-Apr]
Sep First Integrated Circuits: Jack Kilby, Texas Instruments/Robert Noyce, Fairchild

1959
Hitachi establishes business presence in the US, Hitachi America, Ltd.
Friden SBT-10 clectromechanical calculator introduced
May Casio 14-B Relay calculator introduced (Automatic Square Root)
May National Semiconductor founded in Danbury, Connecticut

1960
Feb First customer shipment of Clary DE 60 "Desk-sized" programmable electronic calculator
Development of electronic calculator begins at Hayakawa Electric(Sharp) under direction of Atsushi Asada
Mar Texas Instruments announces the SN502 "Solid Circuit" Silicon Monolithic IC Flip Flop ($450 Retail Price Per Flip Flop!) [TI's First Commercially Sold Digital IC]
Comptometer Corp. sells right use trademark "Comptometer" to Control Systems Ltd., the owner of Bell Punch Co. Ltd., and Sumlock, Ltd.
Mar Casio 301 Scientific relay calculator introduced

1961
William Kahn begins specification for Mathatron calculator - Goal: Advance the State of the Art of desktop calculating machines through electronics
Feb Casio announces the "TUC Compuwriter", a calculating machine that interfaced a relay calculator to a Toshiba-made I/O typewriter. The machine was marketed by Toshiba, Uchida Yoko, and Casio (thus the TUC name), and marked a high point in Casio's relay calculator technology.
Mar Fairchild announces its MicroLogic family of bipolar logic integrated circuits
Apr Logicon Inc. founded by eight engineers in Southern California
Signetics Corp. founded by four ex-Fairchild engineers
Sumlock Comptometer Ltd. founded, primary distributor for Bell Punch calculators
Nippon Sewing Machine Mfg. Co. (Brother) begins manufacturing office products
Tadashi Sasaki earns his PhD in Electrical Engineering from Kyoto University
BEMA (Business Equipment Manufacturers Association) formed from reorganization of Office Equipment Manufacturers Institute
Oct Sumlock Comptometer introduces the Anita C/VII and C/VIII at the Hamburg Business Equipment Fair
Oct Sumlock Comptometer Anita C/VIII (Mk 8) announced at London Exposition [First Mass-Marketed Electronic Desktop Calculator]
Oct Victor Adding Machine Co. and Comptometer Corp. merge to form Victor Comptometer Corp.
Oct First public exhibition of the Anita C/VIII (Mk 8) at the Business Efficiency Exhibition in London
Friden Calculating Machine Co. contacts Stanford Research Institute to develop a CRT-based display system for a calculator
Dec Philco Corporation purchased by Ford Motor Company, becomes Philco-Ford
Dec Diehl Corp. (West Germany) and SCM forge agreement for SCM to have exclusive rights to market Diehl calculators in North America [9-Dec]

1962
Jan Sumlock Comptometer begins accepting orders for the Anita Mk7 and Anita Mk8 calculators.
Feb Mathatronics Inc., founded by William Kahn, Roy Reach, and David Shapiro. Design of Mathatron calculator begins
Facit shuts down Facit Electronics subsidiary - too much competition in the computer marketplace
Philips demonstrates two prototype transistorized electronic adding machines and a 3-function (+,-,X) 10-key calculator
Stanford Research Institute delivers prototype CRT Display design and hardware to Friden
Industria Macchine Elettroniche (IME) founded in Rome, Italy, as partnership between Dr. Massimo Rinaldi and Edison S.p.A.
May Addmaster Corp. incorporated to manufacture low-cost adding machines utilizing DuPont DELRIN(TM) plastic components
Commodore International, Ltd. goes public, changes name to Commodore Business Machines
Nippon Sewing Machine Mfg. Co. changes name to Brother Industries, Ltd.
Saburo Uemura, researcher at Sony, demonstrates hand-built prototype electronic calculator, the Sony MD-3
Olivetti begins design of Programma 101 electronic calculator
Nov Smith-Corona Marchant changes company name to SCM Corp.
Nov Soviet Union demonstrates operational prototype of an all-electronic calculator, precursor to VEGA
Oi Electric Co., Ltd. (Japan) begins project for development of an electronic calculator
Friden SRQ electromechanical calculator introduced
Dec Working prototype of Mathatron calculator formally shown to investors of Mathatronics Inc.

1963
Mar First order for two Mathatronics Mathatron calculators placed by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
Apr Riken Optical Co. Ltd. changes name to "Ricoh Co., Ltd."
Jun Friden exhibits prototype Friden 130 electronic calculator
Jun Founders of General Micro-electronics reach agreement in principle for Pyle National to provide startup funding of approx $4-5M
Sanyo introduces the "Cadnica" line of Nickel-Cadmium Rechargeable batteries
Singer Manufacturing Co. changes named to Singer Corp.
Jun SCM Corp. announces plan to move manufacturing calculators from Oakland, CA, to Orangeburg, SC
Jul General Micro-electronics, Inc. (GM-e), a spinoff of Fairchild Semiconductor, founded
Jul Agreement in principal for sale of Friden Calculating Machine Co. to Singer Corp. announced [16-Jul]
Jul Mathatronics Inc., successfully completes first customer shipment of Mathatron Model 8-48 calculator to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute for shipboard research use
Jul Canon Camera Co. Inc. completes prototype 10-key electronic calculator
Diehl Corp. introduces the "Transmatic", a four-function electromechanical automatic calculator
Aug Oi Electric exhibits trial production prototype of Aleph Zero calculator
Fairchild introduces the first RTL (Resistor-Transistor Logic) Flip Flop IC, the 907
Oct Sale of Friden Calculating Machine Co. to Singer Corp. completed [14-Oct]
Oct Philip R. Samwell succeeds Walter S. Johnson as President of Friden Division of Singer Corp.
Oct Pyle National announces majority funding of General Micro-electronics [23-Oct]
Thomas Osborne leaves SCM Corp.
Nov Mathatronics Mathatron formally introduced @ NEREM show, Boston [Many Firsts: First All-Transistor w/Magnetic Core Memory, "Learn Mode" Stored Program, Floating Decimal, Scientific Notation, Algebraic Logic, Automatic Square Root]

1964
Jan Thomas Osborne begins work on developing his own calculator design
Dr. Tadashi Sasaki leaves Fujitsu for senior management position at Hayakawa Electric (Sharp)
Casio builds prototype transistorized desktop calculator
Wang Labs begins development of LOCI-1 Calculator
Mar Italy's IME (Industria Macchine Elettroniche) shows the IME 84 electronic calculator [IME's First Electronic Calculator]
Mar Sony shows prototype MD-5 electronic calculator, 8 Digits, Nixie Display [Sony's First Publically Shown Desktop Electronic Calculator Prototype]
Mar Hayakawa Electric (Sharp) shows prototype Compet 10 (Model CS-10A) transistorized electronic calculator
Mar Oi Electric Co., Ltd. shows production version of Aleph Zero 101 electronic calculator [Parametron (ferro-electronic) Circuitry]
Apr Wyle Laboratories demonstrates prototype WS-02 calculator at Spring Joint Computer Conference
May Friden formally introduces the EC-130 electronic calculator
May George E. Comstock (future founder of Diablo Systems) hired on at Friden as R&D Director
May Canon Shows Canola 130 Prototype [Canon's First Electronic Calculator]
Jun General Micro-electronics (GM-e) produces their first MOS IC, a 20-Bit shift register
Jun Fairchild introduces the 930-Series DTL IC Logic "Family" (4 IC's)
Jun Casio 401 Relay calculator introduced
Jun Hayakawa Electric (Sharp) begins sale of Compet 10 (CS-10A) [Sharp's First Electronic Calculator, First All-Transistor Calculator]
Citizen Business Machine Inc. established as subsidiary of Citizen Watch Co., Ltd.
Soviet "VEGA" electronic calculator begins production [Soviet Union's First Electronic Calculator]
Aug On success of the Compet 10, Hayakawa Electric Co., Ltd. (Sharp) forms Industrial Instrument Division to develop electronic calculator business
Sumlock Comptometer Anita C/IX (Mark 9) debuts
Sep Wang Laboratories introduces the LOCI-1 calculator.
Sep Dr. An Wang granted Patent 3,402,285 for principles of Wang LOCI calculator
Oct Victor and General Micro-electronics(GM-e) sign contract for GM-e to develop and produce the Victor 3900 calculator
Oct Los Angeles BEMA (Business Equipment Manufacturers Association) show held, October 19-23
Oct Canon formally introduces the Canon 130
Oct Texas Instruments begins sale of SN5400/7400-Series TTL Integrated Circuits in flat-pack packages
Dec British electronic component manufacturer Mullard shows prototype electronic calculator utilizing thyratrons and transistors
Dec Monroe EPIC 2000 calculator introduced [1-Dec]
Dec Thomas Osborne's "Green Machine" calculator prototype becomes fully operational
Wyle Laboratories WS-02 "Scientific" debuts

1965
Jan Wang LOCI-2 debuts [Wang's First Programmable Calculator]
General Micro-electronics (GM-e) completes prototype Victor 3900-design using its Milliwatt Logic (bipolar) devices
Olivetti's Electronics Division (which made electronic calculators) sold to General Electric
Wanderer Werke introduces the Wanderer Conti electronic calculator, with electronics made by Labor Für Impulsetechnic
Friden 132 debuts (Added Square Root to Friden 130)
Apr General Micro-electronics delivers first 25 production Victor 3900 calculators to Victor
Olympia Werke AG introduces the RAE 4/15 [Olympia's First Electronic Calculator]
Data Acquisition Corp. introduces the DAC-512 programmable desktop calculator.
May Casio 402 Financial Relay calculator debuts
Jun First customer deliveres of Monroe EPIC 2000 calculators begin
Jun Malcolm McMillan demos prototype electronic calculator that performs trigonometric functions to Hewlett Packard
Jun Thomas Osborne demos his "Green Machine" floating point calculator prototype to HP executives
Jun Casio ends exclusive distribution agreement with Uchida Yoko Co.
Royal McBee acquired by Litton Industries
Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. (Toshiba) establishes U.S. business presence
Sep Texas Instruments' "Cal-Tech" skunkworks project begins
Sep Sharp introduces the Compet 20 (CS-20A) [Sharp's First Use of Silicon Transistors]
Sep Casio 001 introduced [Casio's First All-Electronic Calculator]
Oct BEMA show, New York, October 25-29
Oct Dero Research & Development introduces the Sage 1 calculator at BEMA show [First and Only Electronic Calculator by Dero Research]
Oct Victor Comptometer introduces the Victor 3900 using General Micro-electronics' MOS Chipset [First MOS LSI IC-Based Electronic Calculator]
Oct Olivetti Programma 101 announced [Olivetti's First Electronic Calculator]
Oct Wang Laboratories' first public demonstation of new 300-Series Calculator
Nov Sharp introduces the Compet 21 (CS-21A), adds square root to the Compet 20
Facit cements 2 year exclusive OEM agreement to resell Sharp electronic calculators under Facit badge.
Nov Canon introduces the Canon 161
Dec Toshiba BC-1001 introduced [Toshiba's First Electronic Calculator]
Combined output of Japanese electronic desktop calculator manufacturers for 1965 is 4,355 machines

1966
Jan Casio Root 001 introduced [Casio's First Electronic Calculator with Square Root]
Jan Alan W. Drew appointed President/CEO of Friden Div. of Singer Corp., succeeding Philip R. Samwell
Feb Sale of General Micro-electronics to Philco-Ford completed
Mar Wang Laboratories begins production of 300-Series Calculators
Sumlock Anita Electronics Ltd. split from Bell Punch to design and build electronic calculators
Diehl introduces the Combitron electronic programmable printing desktop calculator [Diehl's first electronic calculator]
IME introduces the IME 86 calculator
Sharp introduces the Compet 30 (CS-30A) Calculator [First use of Small-Scale (bipolar) IC's in an electronic calculator]
SCM (Smith-Corona-Marchant) begins sale of the Cogito 240SR Electronic Calculator [SCM's First All-Electronic(Transistorized) Calculator]
May Casio 164 electronic calculator introduced
Jul Casio 101 introduced in Japan [First Electronic Calculator Exported by Casio]
Jul American Microsystems Inc. (AMI) founded in Santa Clara, California
Jul Nippon Calculating Machine Co., Ltd. introduces the transistorized Busicom 161 electronic calculator [NCM's First All-Electronic Calculator]
Jul Mathatronics, Inc., purchased by Barry Wright Corp., becomes Mathatronics division
Canon U.S.A., Inc. incorporated
Sumlock Comptometer introduces the Anita C/XII (Mark 12) [Sumlock's First All-Transistor Calculator]
Sep Casio begins export of electronic calculators to Australia
Sep Casio introduces the Casio 101E
Oct BEMA Show, McCormick Place, Chicago, October 17-21
Texas Instruments Begins Sale of SN5400/7400-Series TTL ICs
Nov Toshiba Introduces the BC-1411
Facit begins marketing electronic calculators through OEM agreement with Sharp
Dec Texas Instruments completes "Cal-Tech" prototype [First IC-Based "Handheld" Calculator]
Combined output of Japanese electronic desktop calculator manufacturers for 1966 is 25,532 machines

1967
Jan Hitachi introduces KK-12 (ELKA-12) in Japan. OEM'd by Friden to become the Friden 1112 [Hitachi's First Electronic Calculator]
Feb Sharp introduces the Compet 31 [Sharp's First use of Small-Scale Bipolar IC's]
Mar Canon introduces the Canola 151 (reduced capacity version of the Canon 161
Mar Annual IEEE Convention, New York, NY.
Mar Wang informally introduces the Wang Model 4000 computer system at IEEE Convention
Mar Commodore enters OEM agreement with Casio for sales of Casio calculators under the Commodore brand in US & Canada
Mar Texas Instruments shows "Cal-Tech" prototype [Prototype LSI IC-Based "Handheld" Calculator]
North American Aviation and Rockwell-Standard Merge to form North American Rockwell
Data Acquisition Corp. bought out by Picker Nuclear.
Chip maker Intersil founded
Chip maker Electronic Arrays founded
Jun Toshiba introduces the BC-1201
Jun Uchida Yoko, Co., Ltd. introduces the USAC 10B [Uchida Yoko's First Electronic Calculator]
Jun Sony introduces SOBAX ICC-500 hybrid circuit electronic calculator. [Sony's First Production Electronic Calculator]
Jun Sony introduces the SOBAX ICC-400, an electronic calculator built with hybrid circuits
Jul Wang Laboratories begins publishing "The Wang Laboratories Programmer"
David Shapiro leaves Mathatronics
Masatoshi Shima joins Nippon Calcujlating Machine Corp. working in computer software division
North American Rockwell sets up facility for producing Metal-Oxide Semiconductor integrated circuits for military use (under Autonetics Division)
Jul Wang Labs announces the Model 370 programmer for the 300-Series calculator
Aug Sharp introduces the Compet 32 (CS-32A), follow on machine to the Compet 31.
Aug SCM introduces the Cogito 566 PR, a rebadged Diehl Combitron [24-Aug]
Aug Wang Labs first publically demonstrates the 370 Programmer at WESCON Los Angeles
Aug Wang Laboratories goes public
Sep Casio forms OEM relationship with Sperry Remington
Hayakawa Electric (Sharp) introduces Compet 16 (CS-16A) [First use of MOS Integrated Circuits in Production Calculator]
Oct 9th Annual BEMA (Business Equipment Manufacturers Assoc.) Show, New York, NY (Oct. 23rd-27th)
Oct Casio AL-1000 transistorized calculator debuts [Casio's First Programmable Electronic]
Nov NEREM show, Boston War Memorial Auditorium [Nov 1-3]
Nov Cintra founded by Irwin Wunderman in his garage, manufacturing digital energy measurement instruments
Nov Nippon Calculating Machine Corp. introduces the Busicom 141 and 162(NCR 18-2) calculators
Nov Nippon Calculating Machine Corp. introduces the Busicom 202 CRT-display calculator [Designed by Wyle Laboratories under contract to NCM]
Nov Monroe/Litton Holds Sales Convention, Diplomat Hotel, Hollywood, Florida [26-Nov to 1-Dec]
Dec Sharp introduces the Compet 16 (CS-16A) calculator
Masatoshi Shima transfers to Nippon Calculating Machine Co.'s electronic calculator division
Hewlett Packard Corp. pays Olivetti $900K in settlement for violations of Olivetti Programma 101 patents

1968
Feb Friden introduces the 1150 printing electronic calculator [8-Feb]
Mar Hewlett Packard 9100A first shown to limited audience at IEEE Electro Show in New York [HP's First Calculator, Groundbreaking Capability]
Mar Dr. An Wang, CEO of Wang Laboratories, given sneak preview of HP9100A At IEEE Electo Show by HP Founder Bill Hewlett
Mar Wang introduces Model 380 programmer keyboard/display unit for 300-Series calculator
Mar Wang 362E introduced
Apr Burroughs signs agreement with Hayakawa Electric (Sharp) for Sharp to design & manufacture calculators for Burroughs
Apr Harold Koplow starts work at Wang Laboatories
Apr Labor für Impulstechnik (LFI) purchases Wanderer Werke AG, a German office equipment manufacturer & distributor
Apr Wang Laboratories announces the 379-5 Output Writer, a modified IBM Selectric typewriter used for programmed output from the 370 Programming Keyboard.
Facit builds a large new calculator factory in Sweden
Sharp introduces the Compet 22 (Model CS-22A)
Dr. An Wang granted US Patent on logarithm-generating circuits
Hayakawa Electric (Sharp) and Rockwell/Autonetics (later, Rockwell Semiconductor) form LSI calculator chip development alliance
Singer Corp. acquires General Precision Equipment Corp.
Labor für Impusltechnik (LFI) renamed Nixdorf Computer AG
MITS (Micro Instrumentation & Telemetry Systems) founded by Ed Roberts and associates
Computer Design Corp. founded, spin-off from Wyle Laboratories
Jul Bob Noyce and Gordon Moore incorporate "N M Electronics", the beginnings of Intel
Jul Sony introduces the SOBAX ICC-600 calculator
Jul Wang Laboratories closes purchase of Philip Hankins, Inc. (PHI). Dave Moros from PHI instrumental in development of future Wang Calculator architectures.
Jul NCR signs agreement with Nippon Calculating Machine Co. for sale of NCM calculators under NCR brandname
Nippon Calculating Machine Corp. creates to Business Computer Corp., a.k.a. Busicom USA, for US market expansion
Aug Hayakawa Electric (Sharp) QT-8D calculator debuts in Japan utilizing Rockwell/Autonetics-manufactured LSI chipset [First LSI (Large Scale Integration) Calculator]
Aug Busicom introduces the Model 162C electronic calculator
Victor Comptometer acquires exclusive distribution rights from Nixdorf Computer for sale of Wanderer Conti calculators as Victor 1500-series.
Sep Shinshu Seiki Co., Ltd. (later Epson) introduces EP-101 digital printer
Sep Hewlett Packard 9100A formally announced for sale in HP's corporate technology publication, the HP Journal
Sep Wang Laboratories stock begins trading on the American Stock Exchange
Oct Wang Laboratories introduces 360SE electronics package [Last Wang 300-Series Calculator]
Oct Sanyo introduces the ICC-121 and and and and ICC-141 calculators
Oct Computer Design Corp. [CDC] and Nippon Calculating Machine Co. [NCM] forge agreement for CDC to develop advanced calculators for NCM
Nov Tateisi Electronics Co. establishes trade name of OMRON Tateisi Electronics Co.
Dec Uchida Yoko, Co., Ltd. introduces the USAC-22B electronic calculator

1969
Mostek opens for business in Carrollton, Texas
Jan Wang introduces 200-Series "business" calculators
Jan Wang announces CP-2 Card Programmer for 200/300-Series calculators
Feb Wang 700 calculator announced, not actually available until early 1970
Feb Busicom introduces the Wyle Laboratories-designed Busicom 207 and 2017 programmable electronic calculators
Mar North American Rockwell receives $30M from Sharp for LSI Calculator IC Development
Mar Wang Laboratories, Inc., acquires Medical Systems and Data Corp. of Boston, MA
Amidst increasing competition, IME begins phasing out production of its electronic calculators, closes factory
North American Philips Corp. formed as merger of Consolidated Electric Co., and North American Philips Co., Inc.
Toshio Iue, founder of Sanyo, passes away
Mar Hayakawa Electric (Sharp) QT-8D introduced in US at New York IEEE trade show
Apr General Digital Founded by Alvin Phillips (later Western Digital) [23-Apr]
Apr SCM Cogito 414 electronic calculator introduced [23-Apr]
May Wang introduces model 301 Column Printer for Wang 200/300-Series calculators
May Uchida Yoko exits desktop electronic calculator marketplace after only 2 years
May Shinshu Seiki Co., Ltd. shows revolutionary EP-101 printer at 38th Business Show in Tokyo
May Casio introduces the Casio 121-A/AS-A calculator.
May Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) Founded in Sunnyvale, CA
Jun Barry Wright Corp. announces negotiations to sell Mathatronics division to a small investment group
Jun SCM Introduces the 1016PR Programmable Calculator, $2495 [18-Jun]
Jun Omron Tateisi Electronics Co. introduces the Calculet 1200 [Omron's First Electronic Calculator]
Jun Team from Busicom visits Intel concerning development of 11-chip calculator chipset
Jul Dictaphone Corp. announces entry into the electronic calculator business, marketing two Sanyo-made calculators under the Dictaphone brand. [29-Jul]
Aug Introduction of the Monroe 820 CRT-display electronic calculator
Aug WESCON show, San Francisco
Aug Hitachi introduces the KK-24 (ELKA-24) in Japan. OEM'd by Friden to become the Friden 1114.
Victor Comptometer sells its electronics division to Nixdorf Computer
Aug Shinshu Seiki Co., Ltd. (Seiko) shows EP-101 drum printer at WESCON show in San Francisco
Canon Camera Co., Inc. changes name to "Canon, Inc."
William Kahn, Roy Reach leave Mathatronics
Oct 11th Annual BEMA (Business Equipment Manufacturers Assoc.) show, New York, October 26-30
Oct Prototype Wang 700 Advanced Programming Calculator shown at BEMA show
Oct Hewlett Packard 9100B introduced
Oct Barry Wright Corp. announces deal to sell Mathatronics div. falls through
Oct Intel presents concept of microprocessor to Busicom as alternative for calculator chipset design
Fairchild introduces the first static RAM IC, the 4100, holding 256 bits
Nov Hitachi introduces the KK-32 (ELKA-32) in Japan. OEM'd by Friden to become the Friden 1115.
Nov Cintra 909 Scientist introduced
Intel introduces its first static 256-bit MOS Random Access Memory IC, the 1101
MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems) incorporated
Dec Barry Wright Corp. closes Mathatronics division [30-Dec]

1970
Jan Ricoh Co, Ltd. founds Ricoh of America, a wholly-owned US subsidiary, located in New Jersey.
Feb Wang begins regular production of Wang 700-Series calculators
Hayakawa Electric Industry Co. changes name to "Sharp Corp."
Oi Electric Co., Ltd. exits calculator market
Feb Formal agreement between Busicom Corp. and Intel for development of microprocessor for calculator application
Feb Wang Laboratories announces the Wang 3300 Timeshared Computer System
Mar Wang formally introduces the Wang 720A/B Calculators
Mar Sharp QT-8D begins sales in US
Apr LED (and later, calculator) manufacturer Litronix founded by George E. Smith and six associates
Apr Canon announces the Canon Pocketronic, begins sales in Japan
Apr Federico Faggin (Future founder of Zilog) hired away from Fairchild by Intel to work on microprocessor design for Nippon Calculating Machine Corp. (Busicom)
Apr Bill Hewlett and Barney Oliver give an HP 9100A calculator to noted author Arthur C. Clarke
Apr Intel begins development in earnest of microprocessor for Busicom Corp.
May Busicom introduces the Wyle Laboratories-design 207P and 2017P versions of the 207/2017 which adds interface for an external printer
May Casio establishes US sales company, Casio, Inc.
May Mostek's VP of Marketing visits Nippon Calculating Machine Corp. concerning development of calculator on a chip
AMI moves IC manufacturing facilities to Pocatello, Idaho
Jun Wang introduces 100-Series calculators
Aug WESCON Trade Show, Los Angeles, California (Aug. 25-28)
Monroe signs OEM agreement with Computer Design Corp. to market Compucorp-built calculators
Intel produces the first 1K-bit dynamic RAM IC, the 1103
Oct Canon Pocketronic begins sales in US [First LSI Handheld, Rechargeable Battery Powered, Printing Calculator. TI Cal-Tech was the Prototype
Intel begins production of 4004 microprocessor and peripheral chips for Busicom calculators
Nov Hewlett Packard begins design of HP-35 Handheld Scientific calculator
Nov Mostek successfully tests first one-chip calculator IC developed for Busicom
Nov Casio 121-B/AS-B calculator introduced
Dec U.S. Patent 3,546,676 granted to Robert Ragen of Friden, for design of Friden 130
Dec Wang Laboratories common stock begins trading on the New York Stock Exchange
Industrial Research Magazine names the Cintra 909 as one of its "IR 100" most innovative products of 1970

1971
Jan Hewlett Packard introduces instrumentation system for 9100A and 9100B calculators
Jan Mostek begins volume production of "Calculator on a Chip", the MK6010, for Busicom [First Single-Chip Calculator IC]
Jan Sharp EL-8 introduced
Jan Busicom completes prototype printing calculator based on logic design of Intel's proposed microprocessor
Jan Busicom introduces first "pocket" calculator using Mostek single-chip calculator IC (Busicom "Handy" LE-120A)
Jan Wang announces 500-Series calculators
Feb Philco-Ford announces shutdown of microelectronics division
Feb First operating Intel 4004 microprocessor
Feb Canon Pocketronic begins sales in US
Feb Sharp EL-8 begins sales in US
Mar Wang Labs delivers first 3300 Time Shared Computer System (Weymouth South High School, Weymouth, MA)
Mar Busicom builds prototype of calculator using Intel 4004 microprocessor and peripheral chips
Remains of Mathatronics liquidated
Victor 1800-Series calculators introduced
Compucorp Division of Computer Design Corp. formed
Hewlett Packard 9810A introduced
Apr Omron 800 [New Low Price Benchmark for AC-Powered Desktop]
SCM introduces the "Marchant I" (also known as the F-80) battery-operated portable Nixie Tube display calculator utilizing 4-chip LSI chipset.
May Busicom begins sale of LE-120A calculator using Mostek's Single-Chip calculator IC [First Handheld, Single-Chip Calculator, LED-Display Calculator]
May Intel and Busicom Corp. renegotiate 4004 Microprocessor contract
May Casio introduces the AS-C
May Tektronix purchases Cintra
Jun Sharp begins sale of the EL-8M, follow-on to the EL-8 which adds memory function.
Jun Wang Laboratories announces the 700C and 720C calculators
Jun Wang Laboratories announces the 708 Memory Expansion Controller for 700-Series calculators
Jun Wang Laboratories announces 709 Dual Cassette Drive peripheral for the 700-Series calculators
General Digital changes name to Western Digital
Jul Tektronix announces the rebadged Cintra 909 and 911 calculators as the Tek 909 and Tek 911.
Aug AMI announces agreement to buy majority interest in desktop calculator maker Unicom Systems, Inc.
Sep Texas Instruments announces the TMS1802, TI's First "Calculator on a Chip"
Sep Intel successfully negotiates removal of exclusive sales agreement with Busicom on Intel 4004
Sep Casio AS-8A introduced
Sep Bowmar/Ali, Inc. ships their first pocket-sized calculator, the 901B, utilizing TI calculator-on-a-chip.
Oct Busicom introduces the Model 141PF printing desktop calculator [First calculator to utilize microprocessor (Intel 4004)]
Nov Popular Electronics publishes article about MITS' first electronic calculator, the MITS 816, using LSI chipset from Electronic Arrays
Nov Intel announces general sales of 4004 microprocessor
Dec Wang Laboratories announces Wang 600-Series calculators

1972
Jan Hewlett Packard introduces the revolutionary HP-35 handheld scientific calculator [World's First Handheld Scientific Electronic calculator]
Feb Rapid Data Systems & Equipment, Ltd. introduces the Rapidman 800 pocket calculator
Feb Wang Labs announces Model 711 I/O Writer
Feb Casio fx-1 introduced [Casio's first scientific electronic calculator]
Facit begins large scale layoffs as calculator business suffers major losses
Diehl Corp. ends production of electromechanical calculators
Facit purchased by conglomerate Electrolux
Wang Labs introduces 600-Series calculators
May Casio AS-8D Introduced
Hewlett Packard 9820A introduced
Hewlett Packard 9830A introduced [First desktop calculator to use BASIC]
Production of Curta Calculators ends
Jul Hewlett Packard 35 introduced [First Scientific Handheld]
Aug Casio Mini [New Low Price Benchmark for Four Function Handheld]
Rockwell International acquires Sumlock Anita Electronics Ltd. and Sumlock Comptometer
Sep Rockwell International acquires Unicom Systems, Inc. from American Microsystems (AMI)
Sep Texas Instruments announces its entry into the electronic caluclator marketplace with the TI-2500, TI 3000, and TI 3500 calculators. [20-Sep]
Wang 400-Series calculators introduced

1973
Feb Hewlett Packard HP-80 introduced [HP's First Financial Handheld]
Feb Casio introduces the Casio "Mini", Model CM-601
Facit absorbed into large conglomerate Electrolux
Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (BEMA) becomes CBEMA, adding Computer Manufacturers to the mix.
North American Rockwell and Rockwell Manufacturing merge to form Rockwell International
Hewlett Packard markets, through Japanese subsidiary Yokogawa Hewlett-Packard, an HP 9810 that operates in Japanese
May Sony announces its exit from electronic calculator market [31-May]
May Hewlett Packard HP-46 introduced
May Wang Laboratories begins shipping 2200 computer
May Hewlett Packard HP-45 introduced
Jul Sony terminates manufacture of electronic calculators [31-Jul]
Jul Tektronix Model 21 and 31 calculators introduced

1974
Jan Hewlett Packard HP-65 introduced [HP's First Programmable Handheld]
Feb Singer/Friden announces the 1202 and 1203 calculators.
Feb Nippon Calculating Machine Co. (Busicom) files for bankruptcy
Mar Tektronix announces the 31/53 Instrumentation System based on its Model 31 Calculator
Apr Intel introduces the 8080 microprocessor
Jun U.S. Patent 3,819,921 granted to Texas Instruments' Jack Kilby & team for TI Cal-Tech calculator
Broughton & Co. purchases rights to the Busicon name from Nippon Calculating Machine Co.
Motorola introduces the 6800 microprocessor
Nippon Calculating Machine Corp. and Busicom Corp. go bankrupt, cease business
MOS Technology founded by ex-Motorola engineers
National Cash Register Co. changes name to "NCR Corp."

1975
Feb Bowmar Instrument Corp. files for Chapter XI bankruptcy [10-Feb]
Compucorp Division of Computer Design Corp. folds
Remains of Computer Design Corp. absorbed into Monroe Systems for Business division of Litton Industries
Jun Bowmar terminates production of calculators
Jun Canon introduces the SX-310 programmable calculator
Chip maker Signetics acquired by Philips
Tektronix exits calculator market
Singer Business Machines division shut down
Rockwell International shuts down Sumlock Anita calculator plant
Dec Texas Instruments' Cal-Tech calculator accepted for exhibit by the Smithsonian Institution

1976
Monroe Division of Litton Industries ceases business relationship with Computer Design Corp.
Texas Instruments announces the SR-60 calculator
Jun Hewlett Packard announces HP 9825
Oct Computer Design Corp. announces bankruptcy, closes operations [22-Oct]
Oct Commodore Business Machines acquires IC manufacturer MOS Technology
Dec Singer closes down Friden Division, marking the official end of Friden.

1977
Mar Agreement reached between Victor Comptometer Corp. and Walter Kidde Co. for Kidde to acquire Victor
Hewlett Packard introduces the revolutionary HP-01 "wrist instrument". [First wrist-worn calculator/watch/calendar/stopwatch]
Jun Rockwell International exits the calculator business
Facit(Electrolux) exits the calculator business
MITS sold to Pertec Computer Corporation
Victor United spins off business machines division as "Victor Business Products"

1978
Commodore quits producing calculators
Willard Rockwell, founder of what became Rockwell International, passes away
Jun Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. (NEC) announces intent to acquire California-based IC Manufacturer Electronic Arrays, Inc.
Dec Sale of Electronic Arrays to NEC completed.

1979
Fairchild purchased by French conglomerate Schlumberger
Willard Rockwell, founder of what became Rockwell International, passes away
Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. formally changes name to Toshiba

1980
Jan Hewlett Packard introduces the HP-85
Monroe Calculating Machine Co. changes name to Monroe Systems for Business

1981
Mar Heinz Nixdorf, founder of Nixdorf Computer AG, passes away
May Dr. Stanley P. Frankel, Manhattan Project physicist, and later designer of the SCM/Marchant Cogito 240SR and the prototype of the Diehl Combitron, passes away [May 2]

1982
Jul Harold Koplow leaves Wang Laboratories
Victor United & Victor Business Products rejoined, now called "Victor Technologies"
Dr. An Wang retires from active management of Wang Laboratories

1983
Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. officially renamed "NEC Corporation"
Sep Compucorp announces plan to purchase 80% stake in Monroe Systems Divison of Litton Industries

1984
Jan Compucorp announces abandonment of plans to purchase majority ownership of Monroe Systems Division of Litton Industries
Jan Bernard B. Katz invests $1M in Compucorp, earns board Vice Chairman of the Board title
Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. changes name to Toshiba Corp.
Litton Industries sells Monroe division to private party
Dec Elmer R. Easton steps down as President and CEO of Compucorp
Dec William M. Duke succeeds Elmer Easton as President and CEO of Compucorp

1985
Olympia Werke AG is renamed Olympia Aktiengesellschaft
Mar Elmer R. Easton resigns as Chairman of the Board of Compucorp to pursue other business interests
Jun Bernard B. Katz resigns from board of directors of Compucorp citing potential conflict of interest
Aug Bernard B. Katz elected Chairman of the Board of Compucorp [30-Aug]

1986
Fairchild Semiconductor purchased by National Semiconductor from Schlumberger
Dr. An Wang relinquishes office of President of Wang Laboratories
Dr. An Wang's son, Frederick, named President of Wang Laboratories
Elmer R. Easton founds Three D Graphics Inc.
Sep Burroughs Corp. and Sperry Corp. merge to form Unisys Corp.
Bell Punch Co., Ltd. disbanded

1987
SGS Thomson purchases Mostek

1988
Oct Curt Herzstark, inventor of Curta calculator, passes away

1990
Siemens acquires majority equity in Nixdorf Computer Inc., to form Siemens Nixdorf Informationsystems AG
Mar Dr. An Wang, founder of Wang Laboratories, passes away due to cancer [24-Mar]
Jun Robert Noyce, semiconductor technology luminary, passes away at age 62

1991
Mar Dr. Julius J. Muray, Vice President of Cintra, Passes Away [March 28]

1992
Aug Wang Laboratories files Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection [18-Aug]

1993
Mar Tadao Kashio, founder of Casio, passes away at age 75 [4-Mar]

1995
Jan George Robert Stibitz, father of relay computing, passes away [31-Jan]
Nov Passing of Bernard (Barney) Oliver, founding director of HP Laboratories, and project leader for HP 9100A, and HP-35 calculators, among other notable achievements. [23-Nov]
Dec Konrad Zuse, electronic computer pioneer, passes away

1996
Mar David Packard, co-founder of Hewlett Packard, passes away

1997
The Old Calculator Web Museum first appears on the World Wide Web
Logicon, Inc. acquired by Northrup Grumman

2000
Mar William Burkhart, prolific designer at Monroe Calculating Machine Co., passes away
Sep David Moros, Wang 700 hardware architect and co-inventor of Wang's first Word Processor, passes away from cancer at age 64 [27-Sep]

2001
Jan Bill Hewlett, co-founder of Hewlett Packard, passes away
Sep John P. Stedman, once VP and Director of Operations at Mathatronics, passes away at age 83 [29-Sep]

2002
Jan Pier Giorgio Perotto, designer of the Olivetti Programma 101, passes away [22-Jan]

2004
Nov Harold Koplow, developer of microcode for the Wang 700-Series calculators, and later, development of Wang's breakthrough word processing and small office computing systems, passes away.

2005
Jun Jack Kilby, inventor of the first Integrated Circuit, and leader in the design of the "Cal-Tech" calculator at Texas Instruments, passes away at age 81.
Jul Dr. Irwin Wunderman, founder of Cintra, designer of the Cintra/Tektronix 909 and 911 calculators, and later a noted therotical mathemetician and physicist, passes away. [July 27]
Jul Hiro Moriyasu, a long-time Tektronix mover and shaker, involved in the formation of the Tektronix calculator division with the acquisition of Cintra, passes away at age 70. [July 31]
Dec Sharp Corporation presented with prestigious "IEEE Milestone in Engineering and Computing" award for the company's historic achievements in development and advancement of electrical and electronic calculating devices. See Press Release for more information on this great honor bestowed to Sharp Corporation.

2007
Jan Casio announces it has sold it's one-billionth calculator
Nov Tektronix, Inc. acquired by Daniher Corporation

2009
Apr Hewlett Packard awarded the "IEEE Milestone in Engineering and Computing" award for the company's development of the HP-35 calculator, the first handheld scientific electronic calculator.
Aug Massimo Rinaldi, calculator designer and founder of IME, passes away [16-Aug]

2010
Apr Ed Roberts, founder of MITS, passes away at age 68 [1-Apr]

Document Copyright ©1997-2010, Rick Bensene.