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News Archive - Philco-Ford Shuts Down Victor 3900 Production
Electronics Magazine, June 24, 1968
A news-brief in Electronics magazine dated June 24, 1968, indicating
that Philco-Ford had recently shut down the production of the ground-breaking
Victor 3900 MOS/LSI-based
electronic calculator. The article also states that Philco-Ford
in the process of negotiating with Victor Comptometer to end its contract
for production of the calculator, as well as the integrated circuits it
was based on because of manufacturing yield problems with the
very complex (for the time) MOS Large Scale Integration chips designed
specifically for the calculator.
The development of the integrated circuits used in the Victor 3900
as well as production of the calculator was initially contracted to a company
called General Micro-Electronics (GM-e), which was one of the early
IC designers/fabricators of complex Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)
integrated circuits. MOS ICs utilized transistors that were smaller, less
complex to fabricate, and consumed less power than the comparable bipolar
transistors. These characteristics would allow many more logic devices
to be placed on a chip than with bipolar technology.
GM-e initially had a great deal of trouble creating the 23 unique chips
that made up the calculator, but as time went on, the yields increased and
GM-e was able to make enough good chips to begin delivering
calculators to Victor Comptometer for sale to customers.
There was a problem, though; GM-e had spent a tremendous amount of money
get to the point of producing enough working chips, and that, combined
with some financial management issues, the company fell upon hard
times, and was sold to Philco-Ford in March of 1966. When GM-e was
purchased, many of the folks that made up its MOS IC brain trust left
to pursue other opportunities. Though Philco-Ford
made a valiant effort to continue production of the ICs and the calculators for
Victor Comptometer, in time, the yields for the ICs fell off dramatically, and
it became financially impractical to produce enough working chips to continue
production of the calculator. This is what prompted Philco-Ford to halt the
production of the chips and negotiate the termination of the contract with
Victor Comptometer as outlined in the article.
To learn more about the story of the Victor 3900, see the Old Calculator
Museum essay on this
amazing technological benchmark.